NR 283 Exam 3 (Units 5 and Unit 6)
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Patho exam 3
•Renal failure results when the kidneys cannot remove the body’s metabolic wastes (urea) or perform their regulatory functions. The wastes accumulate in the body fluids, leading to a disruption in endocrine and metabolic functions as well as fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base disturbances. Renal failure is a systemic disease and is a final common pathway of many different kidney and urinary tract disease.
* Unhealthy or injured kidney.
1. Causes the electrolytes to become imbalanced, affecting particular sodium, calcium and potassium.
2. It will affect acid base balance by retaining too much bicarbonate or hydrogen ions.
* Injury to the glomerulus -Protein will be found in the urine when there's injury to glomerulus. Diabetics should have microalbuminuria lab test done annually to monitor for kidney disease. May lead to anemia. With impaired renal function, there may be changes in BP, fluid balance causing edema and decreased urine output.
*Calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate stones account for 70% to 80% of stones.
*Struvite stones account for about 15% and are composed of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate.
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