1.Question: Unique among theories, an existential approach provides:

2.Question: If fixation occurs at the stage, the individual will have issues with dependency or aggression later in life, which may result in problems with an emphasis on oral stimulation, such as drinking, eating, smoking, or nail biting.

3.Question: One of the views that Gestalt theory holds regarding the individual is that he or she is:

4.Question: Which of the following is not considered a necessary and sufficient condition for change in the person-centered framework?

5.Question: The defense mechanism of redirecting thoughts, feelings, and impulses from an object that gives rise to anxiety to a safer, more acceptable one is known as:

6.Question: Alfred Adler was the first to notice that the development of children within families was heavily influenced by:

7.Question: Generally, the primary goals of Jungian analysis are:

8.Question: According to Jung, which of the following represents the integration of the conscious, personal unconscious, and collective unconscious in the individual?

9.Question: The person-centered view of human nature:

10.Question: The organized, realistic part of the psyche that mediates and seeks a balance between the other two is known as the superego.

11.Question: Research on existential theory:

12.Question: Fritz Perls did not:

13.Question: Which of the following best describes those strategies used to add depth and enhance the relationship?

14.Question: An example of a theory that currently uses symbolic approaches as a basis for counseling is:

15.Question: The phenomenological perspective describes the concept that all persons view the world in a similar manner.

16.Question: A traditional technique in psychoanalysis that invites clients to relate whatever comes into their minds during the session without self-censorship is:

17.Question: Which component of the personality is responsible for helping an individual cope with reality and preventing the individual from acting on his or her basic urges?

18.Question: The technique of free association:

19.Question: The three people credited for the development of Gestalt therapy are:

20.Question: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), an assessment instrument developed by Katherine Briggs and Isabel Myers to differentiate personality types, is widely used today and based on the work of:

21.Question: Stage 1 (relationship development) of the helping process includes all but which of the following activities?

22.Question: A method in which the counselor or therapist leads the client through a number of questions to become aware of thoughts and distortions in thinking and to find and implement more adaptive replacements is called Socratic questioning.

23.Question: People who respond to others by acting on the conditions of worth others place on them are most likely to lead productive, satisfying lives.

24.Question: According to Adler, what is social interest?

25.Question: The most important factor in the therapeutic alliance is the: