NURS 6501 - Advanced Pathophysiology

1. Question: A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding smoky, brown-colored urine and asks the healthcare professional to explain what causes it. What explanation by the professional is best?
2. Question: Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom?
3. Question: What is the primary pathologic alteration resulting from ankylosing spondylitis (AS)?
4. Question: Which spinal tract carries the most nociceptive information?
5. Question: Parents bring their 1-year-old child to the emergency department, reporting that the child has been irritable and pounding on her head, has projectile vomiting, and seems very sleepy for most of the last 3 days. What diagnostic testing does the healthcare professional prepare the child and parents for as the priority?
6. Question: A patient reports frequent nightmares. For which of these should the healthcare professional assess the patient?
7. Question: A newborn baby displays jaundice 20 hours after birth. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
8. Question: Local signs and symptoms of Hodgkin disease-related lymphadenopathy are a result of what?
9. Question: Which bones are affected in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?
10. Question: A patient has been diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and asks the healthcare professional to describe it. What description by the professional is most accurate?
11. Question: A newborn has meconium ileus. What diagnostic test does the healthcare professional advise the parents about?
12. Question: A healthcare professional is educating a community men's group on symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The professional relates that most symptoms are a result of which pathophysiologic condition?
13. Question: A patient in the healthcare clinic reports fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea, as well as pale conjunctiva of the eyes and brittle, concave nails. What assessment by the healthcare professional is most appropriate for the suspected anemia?
14. Question: Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) can result in which type of cancer?
15. Question: A healthcare professional is caring for a patient diagnosed with aphasia. What action by the professional would be best in working with this patient?
16. Question: What are the clinical manifestations of testicular cancer?
17. Question: A person has been diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) that is positive for the Philadelphia chromosome. What statement by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
18. Question: The healthcare professional directs a student to assess a teen who has Osgood-Schlatter disease. What assessment finding does the student anticipate for this disorder?
19. Question: Which statement by the healthcare professional accurately describes childhood asthma?
20. Question: A healthcare professional is reviewing a patient's laboratory results and sees that the patient has a low reticulocyte count and a high iron level. Which type of anemia does the professional associate these findings with?
21. Question: What directly causes ovulation during the menstrual cycle?
22. Question: A patient has been hospitalized for a large deep vein thrombosis and states he is the third person in his family to have this condition in the last 2 years. What response by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
23. Question: A professor explains to a class that the reason lymph nodes enlarge and become tender during infection is because of what reason?
24. Question: A healthcare professional advises a pregnant woman to add supplements of which nutrient to her diet to prevent birth defects?
25. Question: A parent brings a 10-year-old child to the clinic and reports a mottled appearance to the skin and legs cramps when the child is in physical education class. Physical assessment positive for upper extremity hypertension. What diagnostic testing or treatment does the healthcare professional prepare the family for?
26. Question: A person has abnormally severe tooth decay and erosion of the tooth enamel. What problem should the health care professional assess the person for?
27. Question: A healthcare professional had taught a pregnant woman about the risk of transmitting herpes simplex virus (HSV) from her to her fetus. What statement by the woman indicates the professional needs to provide more information?
28. Question: Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus-infected cells?
29. Question: Which statement by the professor best describes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
30. Question: What is the role of thromboxane A (TXA ₂) in the secretion stage of hemostasis?
31. Question: Parents report their 3-week-old infant who eats well and has gained weight began to have projectile vomiting for no apparent reason. What treatment option does the healthcare professional prepare to educate the parents on?
32. Question: A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. What complication does the healthcare professional teach the parents is most important to control?
33. Question: To quickly assess a patient's nervous system for dysfunction, what assessment should the healthcare professional perform as the priority?
34. Question: A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months?
35. Question: A patient has been diagnosed with lithium toxicity. Which electrolyte imbalance does the healthcare professional correlate with this condition?
36. Question: A severely malnourished patient is in the hospital to improve nutrition. On the second day, the patient reports palpitations and difficulty breathing. After placing the patient on a cardiac monitor, what action does the health care professional take next?
37. Question: Gait disturbances and instability are characteristic of which form of cerebral palsy?
38. Question: A healthcare professional works with recent refugees. A mother brings in her children who have been diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. What action by the professional is most appropriate?
39. Question: Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain?
40. Question: Which statement is likely true regarding children being treated for cancer with radiation therapy?
41. Question: A patient had a seizure that consisted of impaired consciousness and the appearance of a dreamlike state. How does the healthcare professional chart this episode?
42. Question: A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the parents want to know how this occurred. Which statement by the healthcare professional is most accurate?
43. Question: Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants?
44. Question: A patient is in the Emergency Department with heat stroke. What finding does the healthcare provider associate with this condition?
45. Question: A student is learning about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What information does the student clarify with a study partner as being correct?
46. Question: In acute hypothermia, what physiologic change shunts blood away from the colder skin to the body core in an effort to decrease heat loss?
47. Question: Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asthma?
48. Question: Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis?
49. Question: An adult patient has been hospitalized with thrombocytopenia with a platelet count of 8000/mm ³. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
50. Question: A 9-year-old child has a blood pressure of 112/72 mmHg in the school nurse's office. What action by the school nurse is most appropriate?
51. Question: A man reports to the healthcare professional that he had a sudden onset of malaise, low back pain, and perineal pain with high fever and chills, dysuria, nocturia, and urinary retention. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
52. Question: A patient has been hospitalized with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The patient asks how this could have occurred. What response by the healthcare professional is best?
53. Question: A student asks the healthcare professional why researchers are trying to link specific genes to specific asthma phenotypes. What response by the professional is best?
54. The disruption in cellular adhesion observed in bullous impetigo is caused by an exfoliative toxin related to which organism?
55. Question: A healthcare professional is seeing a patient with suspected schizophrenia. For which prenatal occurrence should the professional assess?
56. Question: In order to help prevent a preadolescent girl from developing later cervical cancer, which virus does the healthcare professional recommend vaccination against to the parent?
57. Question: A child has cystic fibrosis (CF). Which medication does the healthcare professional teach the parents about?
58. Question: A healthcare professional is discussing breast feeding with a pregnant woman. Which beneficial substance does the professional tell the mother is found in breast milk?
59. Question: Which condition is considered a clinical cause of amenorrhea?
60. Question: A person comes to the healthcare clinic and reports night sweats and fever. The healthcare professional obtains a chest x-ray which shows a mediastinal mass. What other assessment or diagnostic test does the professional provide as a priority?
61. Question: What initiates inflammation in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
62. Question: The student asks the professor for a definition of orexigenic neurons. What description by the professor is most accurate?
63. Question: A health care professional is teaching a group of college women about increasing calcium in the diet to prevent osteoporosis. A participant asks at what age is peak bone mass is reached in women. What response is best?
64. Question: A patient is 8 hours postoperative after a long orthopedic procedure. The student asks why this patient is at particular risk of developing a thromboembolism. What response by the healthcare professional is best?
65. Question: A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who was rewarmed after suffering from hypothermia. What possible long-term complication will the professional continue to assess the patient for?
66. Question: Which patient finding would lead the health care professional to assess the patient for inflammatory joint disease?
67. Question: A child has osteosarcoma and the healthcare team is assessing for metastases. What diagnostic study would be the priority?
68. Question: Compared with an adult, an infant has a greater content of extracellular fluid, as well as a greater rate of fluid exchange. What effect does this have on the fluid balance of a child compared with that of an adult?
69. Question: What is the consequence of a splenectomy?
70. Question: A student reads in a chart that a child has been diagnosed with mixed precocious puberty and asks for an explanation. What explanation by the healthcare professional is most accurate?
71. Question: A patient is in status epilepticus. In addition to giving medication to stop the seizures, what would the healthcare professional place highest priority on?
72. Question: A woman diagnosed with trichomoniasis asks if her sexual partner should be treated as well. What is the appropriate response by the healthcare professional?
73. Question: A mother reports that her young teens have voracious appetites. The healthcare professional would explain that which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty?
74. Question: A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What substance does the healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this anemia?
75. Question: A man has balanitis. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
76. Question: A pregnant woman is seen for the first time at 6 months' gestation and has not taken prenatal vitamins. The healthcare professional educates the woman on the need for a blood test specifically to assess what substance?
77. Question: A healthcare professional has taught a parent group about the causes of enuresis. What statement by a parent indicates the professional needs to give more information?
78. Question: What is the most abundant class of plasma protein?
79. Question: A 7 year-old-child presents to the clinic where parents report signs and symptoms consistent with asthma. What does the healthcare professional do in order to confirm this diagnosis?
80. Question: In which stage of syphilis would the following clinical manifestations be found: destructive skin, bone and soft tissue lesions, aneurysms, heart failure, and neurosyphilis?
81. Question: A healthcare professional in an urban clinic is seeing a patient who has iron deficiency anemia (IDA). What question by the professional is most appropriate to assess for the cause of IDA?
82. Question: A healthcare professional wants to volunteer for a community education project to help prevent spinal cord injury. What activity would the professional most likely volunteer for?
83. Question: In immunoglobulin G (IgG) nephropathies such as glomerulonephritis, IgG is deposited in which location?
84. Question: A patient has been exposed to prolonged high environmental temperatures and now shows signs of dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia. What treatment does the healthcare professional prepare to administer to this patient?
85. Question: What does the student learn distinguishes kwashiorkor from marasmus?
86. Question: A patient in the clinic had a femur x-ray that was read as having a moth-eaten appearance. What treatment option does the health care professional discuss with the patient?
87. Question: What diagnosis is given to parents when their infant's hip maintains contact with the acetabulum but is not well seated within the hip joint?
88. Question: A hospitalized patient's lab work is as follows: WBC 2000, bands 14.8%, and segmented neutrophils 5. The healthcare professional calculates the patient's absolute neutrophil count (ANC). What action does the professional take next?
89. Question: A patient has damage to the lower pons and medulla. What finding does the healthcare professional associate with this injury?
90. Question: In infectious mononucleosis (IM), what does the Monospot test detect?
91. Question: What is the link between major depression and cortisol secretion?
92. Question: Which condition is consistent with the cardiac defect of transposition of the great vessels?
93. Question: An infant has been diagnosed with intussusception and the student asks the healthcare professional to explain the condition. What explanation by the professional is most accurate?
94. Question: A healthcare professional is planning a community event to reduce risk of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in high risk groups. Which group would the professional target as the priority?
95. Question: A patient has primary immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and is hospitalized after a bleeding episode. What treatment does the healthcare provider anticipate being ordered for this patient?
96. Question: The healthcare professor states that a patient has reached pain tolerance. What further information from the professor is most accurate?
97. Question: A patient has defective secretion of the intrinsic factor leading to anemia. What treatment option does the healthcare professional discuss with the patient?
98. Question: How is gonorrhea transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus?
99. Question: What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?
100. Question: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system abnormalities exist in a large percentage of individuals with what?
101. Question: When completing this exam, did you comply with Walden University's Code of Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity?